Use an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to give your project the ability to calculate distance. This popular ultrasonic distance sensor provides stable and accurate distance measurements from 2cm to 450cm. It has a focus of less than 15 degrees and an accuracy of about 2mm. Connect the VCC and GND pins to a 5V power supply, the trigger input (Trig) pin to a digital output and the echo (Echo) pin to a digital input to your microcontroller. Pulse the trigger (Trig) pin high for at least 10us (microseconds) and then wait for a high level on the echo (Echo) pin. The amount of time the Echo pin stays high corresponds to the distance that the ultrasonic sound has travelled. The quicker the response, the closer the object is.
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